Planning, Development and Management of Sustainable Cities: A Review

Abstract

Cities are the most affected indicators of human activities on the surface of the earth. These human-dominated things, i.e., cities destroy natural habitats, streamline species composition, upset hydrological systems, and adjust energy flow and nutrient cycling. Today, these significant impacts of human activities, initiated from population increase, rapid urbanization, high private motor vehicle dependency, deregulated industrialization and mass livestock production, are increasing exponentially and causing great deal of environmental, social, and economic challenges both at global and local scales. In such condition, formation of sustainable cities, through sustainable urban development practices, is seen as a potential panacea to combat these challenges responsibly, effectively, and efficiently. Cities can use a range of principles and approaches to participate the environment in urban planning and management. It starts with identifying that action taken in towns and cities is essential for addressing global environmental problems. It receives that, with a growing proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas in low- and middle-income countries, these are important sites for engaging with the environment. This paper suggests a critical review of the key literature on the issues related to planning, development and management of sustainable cities, announces the contributions and speculates on the probable research directions to place essential mechanisms to secure a sustainable urban future for all.