Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review

Komal Diwedi

Abstract


On the word of a global assessment of restoration potential, it is estimated that there are more than two billion hectares of deforested and degraded land around the world. In these degraded land, there is vast opportunities for the restoration. Restoring forests and forest landscapes is an important step in regaining the health and functionality of these ecosystems. Forest landscape restoration (FLR) system is an underway step of restoring ecological functionality and enhancing human well-being across deforested or degraded forest landscapes. FLR is more than just planting trees – it is restoring a whole landscape “forward” to meet the present and future needs and to offer multiple benefits and land uses over time. In the present study, forest and landscape restoration techniques are discussed and analyzed.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Steinhoff G. Ecological integrity in protected areas: two interpretations. Seattle J Environ Law. 2013; 3: 155p.

Janzen DH. Costa Rica’s Area de Conservación Guanacaste: a long march to survival through non-damaging biodevelopment. Biodiversity. 2000; 1(2): 7–20p.

Alfaro RI, Fady B, Vendramin GG, Dawson IK, Fleming RA, Sáenz‐Romero C, … Loo J. The role of forest genetic resources in responding to biotic and abiotic factors in the context of anthropogenic climate change. For Ecol Manag. 2014; 333: 76–87p.

Brancalion PHS, Viani RAG, Aronson J, Rodrigues RR, Nave AG. Improving planting stocks for the Brazilian Atlantic forest restoration through community‐based seed harvesting strategies. Restor Ecol. 2012; 20: 704–711p.

Broadhurst LM, North T, Young AG. Should we be more critical of remnant seed sources being used for revegetation? Ecol Manag Restor. 2006; 7: 211–217p.

Graudal L, Aravanopoulos F, Bennadji Z, Changtragoon S, Fady B, Kjær ED, … Vendramin GG. Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests. For Ecol Manag. 2014; 333: 35–51p.

Kettenring KM, Mercer KL, Reinhardt Adams C, Hines J. Application of genetic diversity–ecosystem function research to ecological restoration. J Appl Ecol. 2014; 51: 339–348p.

Liu MH, Chen XY, Zhang X, Shen DW. A population genetic evaluation of ecological restoration with the case study on Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia (Fagaceae). Plant Ecol. 2008; 197: 31–41p.

Prober SM, Byrne M, McLean EH, Steane DA, Potts BM, Vaillancourt RE, Stock WD. Climate‐adjusted provenancing: a strategy for climate‐resilient ecological restoration. Front Ecol Evol. 2015; 3: 65p.

Reed DH, Frankham R. Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity. Conserv Biol. 2003; 17: 230–237p.

Vranckx G, Jacquemyn H, Muys B, Honnay O. Meta‐analysis of susceptibility of woody plants to loss of genetic diversity through habitat fragmentation. Conserv Biol. 2012; 26: 228–237p.

Fritsche U, Eppler U, Iriarte L, Wunders S, Kaphengst T, Wolff F, Jering A. Global governance for sustainable land use – status and opportunities. World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, Washington DC, USA. 2014.

Eswaran H, Lal R, Reich PF. Land degradation: an overview. In: Bridges EM, Hannam ID, Oldeman LR, Pening de Vries FWT, Scherr SJ, Sompatpanit S, editors. Responses to Land Degradation. New Delhi: Oxford Press; 2001. pp. 20–35.

Blok K, Höhne N, Van der Leun K, Harrison N. Bridging the greenhouse gas emissions gap. Nat Clim Change. 2012; 2(7): 471–474p.

Andersson E, Brogaard S, Olsson L. The political ecology of land degradation. Annu Rev Environ Resour. 2011; 36: 295–319p.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.